Innovation saved Israel from its water crisis, and it has a great potential to alleviate China's ongoing water crisis as well.
以色列的创新技术使国家远离水资源危机，相信在缓解中国持续的水资源危机上也能发挥巨大的作用。
The last 40 years of China's economic development seem like a miracle. From one of the poorest countries in the world, it became one of the two largest world economies. Unfortunately, this massive development is accompanied by severe environmental implications. Among these, the implications for China's water resources are prominent.
中国近四十年的经济发展成果是一个奇迹——从世界上最贫穷的国家之一发展成为全球第二大经济体。遗憾的是，快速的经济发展往往伴随着对环境的严重影响。其中，对水资源的影响尤为突出。
Water consumption has dramatically increased in agriculture, industry, and energy production. In many cases, this water use is highly inefficient. Besides the inefficient use of water, China's water resources suffer severe contamination caused by wastewater discharged to them, as well as by fertilizers. Nowadays, an extensive part of China's freshwater resources is highly polluted.
农业、工业和能源生产的耗水量在大幅增加，但在多数情况下水的使用效率却非常低。除此之外，中国的水资源还受废水和化肥的重度污染。目前，中国淡水资源的污染问题十分严重。
Israel also suffered for many years from water scarcity. There are not many water resources in it and its precipitation rate is poor. The Israeli population increased rapidly over the years, and its prospect looked gloomy. Over the years, Israel harnessed its innovation to come up with technology to handle the situation. Nowadays it seems that the water crisis is no longer an acute problem. Plenty of Israeli companies with outstanding technologies can help China with its ongoing water crisis in various fields.
以色列也曾常年饱受缺水之苦，境内水资源短缺，降水量少。近几十年来，以色列人口迅速增加，水资源问题愈发凸显，对此，以色列通过运用创新技术化解危机。对于今时今日的以色列来说，水资源问题不再严峻。有许多以色列公司运用其出色技术在众多产业中帮助中国应对正面临的水资源危机。
Seawater Desalination 海水淡化
China’s east coast substantially suffers from the national water crisis. China naturally turned to the seawater desalination solution. However, the situation is still far from what China hopes for. The last 5-year plan calls for large-scale utilization of seawater desalination and for ensuring the safety of water resources in coastal areas.
中国东部沿海地区水资源短缺，海水淡化成为了解决缺水问题的关键手段。然而，实际情况与设想方案有所差距。中国政府的上一个五年规划要求大规模利用海水淡化技术，以确保沿海地区的水资源安全。
Seawater desalination is probably a game-changing technology for Israel's water crisis. Nowadays, about 80% of the drinking water in Israel is desalinated seawater. From catchy slogans like " Save every drop", Israel became a country with plenty of freshwater. Now Israel takes its success in this field to assist other countries with their water scarcity.
海水淡化技术对于以色列来说或许是解决其水资源危机的一项革新技术。如今，以色列约80%的饮用水是经淡化处理后的海水。从面临缺水，人人响应“节约每一滴水”的号召，到如今有充足的淡水资源，以色列成功地解决了这一危机，甚至能帮助其他国家解决缺水问题。
AST is a leading Israeli company in water treatment. Their special technology "ROTEC FR-RO" reverse osmosis system can reach 90-98% recovery rate in one pass RO system, but in a low operation cost. Their technology can be used in power plant, coal chemical industry, agriculture irrigation water, sea water desalination, and in-take water treatment for drinking water and so on...The company operates all over the world including China.
AST是以色列领先的水处理公司。他们独特的“ROTEC倒向反渗透技术”（“ROTEC FR-RO”）可以以低运营成本使一级反渗透达到90-98%的回收率。其技术可应用于发电厂、煤化工行业、农业灌溉用水、海水淡化、饮用水取水处理等领域。AST公司业务遍及全球各地，包括中国。
The Israeli company IDE Technologies is one of the world's top companies in seawater desalination. IDE Technologies accounts for constructing 3 seawater desalination plants in Israel, and for constructing about 400 plants around the world. The biggest Seawater desalination plant in China, located in Tianjin was constructed by IDE Technologies. IDE Technologies will keep its operations in China and has great capabilities for helping China achieve its water desalination goals.
以色列IDE Technologies公司是世界顶级海水淡化公司之一。该公司在以色列建造了3个海水淡化厂，并在世界各地建造了约400个淡化厂。中国最大的海水淡化厂坐落于天津，正是由该公司建造。IDE Technologies会继续在中国开展业务，并且运用其专业能力助力中国实现海水淡化目标。
Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation 废水处理及再生回用
China's Wastewater treatment plant's capacity and the water quality of them consistently improved over the last 40 years. However, Rural China's wastewater treatment infrastructure is still relatively underdeveloped. Furthermore, only 11–15% of China's wastewater is reacclimated. China is aiming to face these challenges, in addition to its efforts to expand the existing wastewater treatment infrastructure.
中国在过去的40年里不断提高污水处理厂的处理能力、提升废水品质。然而，农村地区的污水处理设施仍相对落后。此外，中国只有11-15%的废水得到回用。中国在现有基础上增加废水处理基础设施的同时，正积极应对这些挑战。
The Wastewater treatment industry in Israel is experienced, developed, and capable of Israel's wastewater needs. The rate of wastewater reuse in Israel is about to 86%, leading the world in wastewater reclamation. AST and IDE Technologies leading the Israel Wastewater treatment and reclamation industries as well. They can be significant for achieving China's goals in this field either.
以色列污水处理行业的公司经验丰富、发展成熟，能满足其国内需求。在以色列，废水回用率约为86%，居世界第一。AST和IDE Technologies引领以色列废水处理和回用行业发展，他们能在中国实现废水处理领域的目标进程上发挥重要作用。
Water and Fertilizer Saving Technologies 节水省肥技术
Irrigation for agriculture takes over 60% of China's water use. Most of China's irrigation is highly inefficient as only about 45% of the water is used directly by the crops. Another reason for the waste of water in the agriculture sector is that lots of irrigation systems are old and leaking. The Israeli companies A.R.I. and Bermad produce Smart valves for water pressure monitoring. Their technologies are highly valuable for water monitoring as well as for reduction of damage to water systems. Netafim is a leading Israeli company with a variety of products for precise efficient irrigation.
农业灌溉用水占中国用水量的60%以上。中国大部分地区的灌溉效率很低，只有约45%的水被作物直接吸收利用。农业生产之所以浪费水的另一个原因是许多灌溉系统陈旧漏水。以色列公司艾瑞和伯尔梅特生产用于水压监测的智能阀门。相关技术对于水源监测及减少系统破损具有很大的价值。耐特菲姆是一家卓越的以色列公司，推出了多款精确高效的灌溉产品。
The agriculture sector in China is also aiming to reduce its use of polluting fertilizer. Using an excessive amount of fertilizer pollutes China's water resources as well as causes degradation of land fertility. The use of smart technology to monitor the precise amount of needed fertilizer as well as the use of more sustainable fertilization are measure China pushes for. ICL is an experienced Israeli company creating a variety of sustainable solutions that can meet these needs.
中国农业部门也在推进减少使用污染性强的肥料。化肥的大量使用不仅污染水资源，还会导致土地肥力退化。中国正在积极推动使用智能技术来检测作物所需肥料的精确量，并推广可持续性施肥方式。以色列化工集团是一家行业内经验丰富的公司，开创了多种可持续的解决方案，能够满足相关用肥需求。
A stunning Israeli technology to finish with is Watergen's solution: produce drinking water from the air. This outstanding technology can guarantee fresh drinking water for the citizens of China as well as for the citizens of the rest of the world.
Watergen公司也推出了令人惊叹的以色列技术解决方案：从空气中生产出饮用水。这项技术可以保证中国以及世界各国人民的饮用水需求。
Sources:
Max Kaplan-Zantopp. (2022). How Israel used innovation to beat its water crisis
https://www.israel21c.org/how-israel-used-innovation-to-beat-its-water-crisis/
Ministry of Finance. (2020). Background - Seawater Desalination in Israel
https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/project-water-desalination-background
Ministry of Water Resources, People's Republic of China. Irrigation and Drainage in China
http://www.mwr.gov.cn/english/mainsubjects/201604/P020160406511159373710.pdf
Rogier et al. (2021). Translation: 14th Five-Year Plan for National Informatization – Dec. 2021
https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-14th-five-year-plan-for-national-informatization-dec-2021/
Tin Siao Soh. (2018). China's 13th Five Year Plan: What Role Will Wastewater Play?
https://www.waterworld.com/home/article/16201297/chinas-13th-five-year-plan-what-role-will-wastewater-play
World Bank. (2018). A new era of water governance in China
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2018/12/27/a-new-era-of-water-governance-in-china
Xu et al. (2020). Towards the new era of wastewater treatment of China: Development history, current status, and future directions
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445320300118
Zhu et al. (2019). Seawater desalination in China: an overview
https://iwaponline.com/jwrd/article/9/2/115/64192/Seawater-desalination-in-China-an-overview
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